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Emerging challenges to structural integrity technology for high-temperature applications

TU Shantung

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第4期   页码 375-387 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0066-y

摘要： Structural integrity technology has been widely used with great success for the design, manufacture and failure prevention of modern constructions such as chemical and petrochemical plants, power generation and energy conversion systems, as well as space and oceanic exploration. The modern needs of structural integrity technology are largely attributed to the increase of service temperature of the structures that results in the efficiency improvement in energy conversion and chemical processing technologies. Besides the needs arising from large-scale high-temperature plants, the high tech developments, such as micro chemo-mechanical systems and high-power electronics, provide new challenges to structural integrity technology. The present paper summarizes the recent technical progresses in large process plants and the aviation industry, micro chemo-mechanical systems, fuel cells, high-temperature electronics, and packaging and coating technologies. The state-of-the-art of structural integrity technology for high temperature applications is reviewed. Suggestions are provided for the improvement of current design and assessment methods.

关键词： manufacture     aviation industry     conversion     petrochemical     temperature    

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Continuous deacylation of amides in a high-temperature and high-pressure microreactor

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1818-1825 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2182-y

摘要： The deacylation of amides, which is widely employed in the pharmaceutical industry, is not a fast reaction under normal conditions. To intensify this reaction, a high-temperature and high-pressure continuous microreaction technology was developed, whose space-time yield was 49.4 times that of traditional batch reactions. Using the deacylation of acetanilide as a model reaction, the effects of the temperature, pressure, reaction time, molar ratio of reactants, and water composition on acetanilide conversion were carefully studied. Based on the rapid heating and cooling capabilities, the kinetics of acetanilide deacylation at high temperatures were investigated to determine the orders of reactants and activation energy. This microreaction technology was further applied to a variety of other amides to understand the influence of substituents and steric hindrance on the deacylation reaction.

关键词： amide deacylation     microreactor     flow chemistry     reaction intensification    

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A novel high-temperature and high-pressure hydraulic pump based on mononeuron control

Linhui ZHAO, Xin FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第4卷 第2期   页码 219-223 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0024-y

摘要： Based on structures and characteristics of traditional hydraulic pumps, this paper proposes a novel high-temperature and high-pressure hydraulic pump (HHHP) that can work under 150°C and 28 MPa to overcome problems of traditional high-temperature plunger pumps. The HHHP is designed with the structure of mechanical division and double cylinder parallel. The control signals of two cylinders are two separate triangle waveforms with 90° phase difference. Because the output waveforms of two cylinders have the same characteristics as the control signals, the HHHP can obtain a stable output after two separate waveforms are superposed. A mononeuron self-adaptive PID control algorithm is also improved by modifying parameters and . Two improved controllers are used to control the two cylinders, respectively, making two displacements of plungers match each other. Therefore, reduced fluctuations and stable pressure output is obtained. Besides simulation, tests on the built prototype test system are carried out to verify the performance of HHHP. Results show that the improved control approach can limit fluctuations to a lower level and the HHHP system attains good outputs under different signal periods and different pressures.

关键词： mononeuron PID control     hydraulic pump     pressure fluctuation    

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Influence of morphology on high-temperature rheological properties of bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 806-819 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0731-y

摘要： Different microstructures of the same polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) were obtained by subjecting the bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer to isothermal annealing at various temperatures. The effects of the morphology on the rheological properties of SBS-modified bitumen were investigated within the high-temperature range. The PMB microstructures were quantitatively evaluated using image analysis. A dynamic shear rheometer was used to measure the rheological parameters of the PMB samples and perform the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test. A quantitative basis could be established on which to discuss the relationship between the PMB morphology and rheology. The image analysis indicated that conditioning by isothermal annealing evidently led to a difference in the microstructure of the samples. Variation of the thermal history is demonstrated to be a practical way to vary the morphology of the PMB with the same raw materials and formulation. Compared with the two-phase morphology, the single-phase microstructure tended to have a narrower linear viscoelastic (LVE) region of the PMB. Within the LVE region, especially at low frequencies, the homogenous PMB can store more energy when experiencing loadings and is more elastic. Outside the LVE region, based on the MSCR test results, the homogenous morphology could assist in reaching a higher percentage of strain recovery after the creep period.

关键词： polymer     bitumen     microstructure     rheology     viscoelasticity    

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Performance of a bi-layer solar steam generation system working at a high-temperature of top surface

Jinxin ZHONG, Congliang HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 141-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0725-4

摘要： Many efforts have been focused on enhancing the vapor generation in bi-layer solar steam generation systems for obtaining as much pure water as possible. However, the methods to enhance the vapor temperature is seldom studied although the high-temperature vapor has a wide use in medical sterilization and electricity generation. In this work, to probe the high-temperature vapor system, an improved macroscopic heat and mass transfer model was proposed. Then, using the finite element method to solve the model, the influences of some main factors on the evaporation efficiency and vapor temperature were discussed, including effects of the vapor transport conditions and the heat dissipation conditions. The results show that the high-temperature vapor could not be obtained by enhancing the heat-insulating property of the bi-layer systems but by applying the optimal porosity and proper absorbers. This paper is expected to provide some information for designing a bi-layered system to produce high-temperature vapor.

关键词： solar steam generation     solar energy     numerical method     porous material    

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Liquid-based high-temperature receiver technologies for next-generation concentrating solar power: A

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 16-42 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0866-8

摘要： To reduce the levelized cost of energy for concentrating solar power (CSP), the outlet temperature of the solar receiver needs to be higher than 700 °C in the next-generation CSP. Because of extensive engineering application experience, the liquid-based receiver is an attractive receiver technology for the next-generation CSP. This review is focused on four of the most promising liquid-based receivers, including chloride salts, sodium, lead-bismuth, and tin receivers. The challenges of these receivers and corresponding solutions are comprehensively reviewed and classified. It is concluded that combining salt purification and anti-corrosion receiver materials is promising to tackle the corrosion problems of chloride salts at high temperatures. In addition, reducing energy losses of the receiver from sources and during propagation is the most effective way to improve the receiver efficiency. Moreover, resolving the sodium fire risk and material compatibility issues could promote the potential application of liquid-metal receivers. Furthermore, using multiple heat transfer fluids in one system is also a promising way for the next-generation CSP. For example, the liquid sodium is used as the heat transfer fluid while the molten chloride salt is used as the storage medium. In the end, suggestions for future studies are proposed to bridge the research gaps for > 700 °C liquid-based receivers.

关键词： next-generation concentrating solar power     liquid-based solar receiver     molten salt     liquid metals    

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Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第2期   页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0040-3

摘要： The grindability of high-temperature alloy by using ceramic alumina wheels is studied on the basis of extensive analysis of the grinding force, grinding temperature, surface roughness and topography of ground surfaces, residual stress, hardness distribution of surface layer, and morphology of the surface layer from a metallographic point of view. The grinding burn mechanism of high-temperature alloy is unveiled and the feasible grinding parameters to avoid burning are analyzed. Some conclusions are obtained as follows. Increasing the grinding depth or the wheel velocity makes grinding temperature and residual tensile stress of the surface rise, which deteriorates the surface topography. Appropriate liner velocity of the wheel is 18–22 m/s and the depth of grinding should not exceed 0.02 mm in grinding GH2132 alloy with ceramic alumina wheels to assure the surface quality. When increases enough to cause grinding burn, the strengthening effect of particles ′ in base decrease and the micro-hardness of the surface is obviously lower than that of the base material, which deteriorates the mechanical properties and heat resistance of GH2132 alloy. Results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of high-temperature alloy with high efficiency and high quality.

关键词： metallographic     topography     grinding GH2132     resistance     decrease    

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高温材料量热法的新进展

Alexandra Navrotsky

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第3期   页码 366-371 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.03.003

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Laboratory study on high-temperature adsorption of HCl by dry-injection of Ca(OH)

Junjun TAN,Guohua YANG,Jingqiao MAO,Huichao DAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 863-870 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0618-9

摘要： Combustion-generated hydrogen chloride (HCl) is considered to be a very hazardous acid gaseous pollutant. This paper presents a laboratory study on the dry adsorption of HCl. The experiments were conducted in a dual-layer granular bed filter, at gas temperatures of 500°C–700°C and (Ca)/ (Cl)molar ratios of 1.0–5.0 using the silver nitrate titration method by dry adsorbent powders Ca(OH) . Mainly, the adsorption efficiency of HCl and utilization efficiency of Calcium were studied, by varying relevant factors including (Ca)/ (Cl), temperature, feeding method, water vapor and CO . With a relatively higher HCl concentration of 1000 ppm, the experimental results revealed that 600°C may be the optimum temperature for HCl adsorption when optimum (Ca)/ (Cl) was 2.5 in our tests. The results also demonstrated that the feeding at a constant pressure was more effective, and the HCl adsorption efficiency could rapidly reach over 90% with (Ca)/ (Cl) = 2.5 at 600°C. Furthermore, the HCl adsorption efficiency was found to be slightly promoted by water vapor, while could be impeded by CO , and the utilization efficiency of calcium could be up to 74.4% without CO , while was only 36.8% with CO when (Ca)/ (Cl) was 2.5 at 600°C.

关键词： acid gas HCl     Ca(OH)2     dry adsorption     high temperature     dual-layer granular bed filter    

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Experimental investigation and feasibility analysis of a thermophotovoltaic cogeneration system in high-temperature

Jianxiang WANG, Hong YE, Xi WU, Hujun WANG, Xiaojie XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 146-154 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0253-y

摘要： The experimental - characteristics of a Si cell module in a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system were investigated using SiC or Yb O radiator. The results demonstrate that the short-circuit current increases while the open-circuit voltage, along with the fill factor, decreases with the cell temperature when the radiator temperature increases from 1273 to 1573 K, leading to a suppressed increase of the output power of the system. The maximum output power density of the cell module is 0.05 W/cm when the temperature of the SiC radiator is 1573 K, while the electrical efficiency of the system is only 0.22%. The efficiency is 1.3% with a Yb O radiator at the same temperature, however, the maximum output power density drops to 0.03 W/cm . The values of the open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power obtained from the theoretical model conform to the experimental ones. But the theoretical short-circuit current is higher because of the existence of the contact resistance inside the cell module. In addition, the performance and cost of TPV cogeneration systems with the SiC or Yb O radiator using industrial high-temperature waste heat were analyzed. The system electrical efficiency could reach 3.1% with a Yb O radiator at 1573 K. The system cost and investment recovery period are 6732 EUR/kWel and 14 years, respectively.

关键词： thermophotovoltaic (TPV)     industrial waste heat     ytterbium oxide     system efficiency    

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山东石岛湾200 MWe 球床模块式高温气冷堆(HTR-PM) 核电站示范工程 Review

张作义, 董玉杰, 李富, 张征明, 王海涛, 黄晓津, 李红, 刘兵, 吴莘馨, 王宏, 刁兴中, 张海泉, 王金华

《工程（英文）》 2016年 第2卷 第1期   页码 112-118 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.020

摘要：

世界首台球床模块式高温气冷堆(HTR-PM) 核电站示范工程于2012 年12 月9日在中国山东省荣成市石岛湾厂区完成第一罐混凝土的浇筑，2015年6月完成反应堆厂房建设，然后进入设备安装阶段。目前正在向着在2017年年底实现并网发电的目标顺利推进。1个HTR-PM反应堆模块的热功 率是250 MWth，反应堆堆芯氦气的进出口温度分别是250 °C 和750 °C。蒸汽发生器出口的蒸汽参数是13.25 MPa/567 °C。2个球床反应堆模块连接1台蒸汽轮机，形成一座210 MWe的核电站。项目团队克服了巨大困难，利用中国现有的工业制造技术研制出世界首台设备，实现了一系列重大技术创新。在研发的规划和实施、工业合作伙伴关系的建立、主设备制造、燃料生产、安全审查、站址选择以及安全性和经济性的平衡等方面取得了令人欣慰的进展，为世界同行积累了可以借鉴的经验。

关键词： 核能     高温气冷堆     球床     模块式高温气冷堆     球床模块式高温气冷堆    

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Hydrothermal carbonization of livestock mortality for the reduction of pathogens and microbially-derived

Thomas F. Ducey, Jessica C. Collins, Kyoung S. Ro, Bryan L. Woodbury, D. Dee Griffin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0930-x

摘要： Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), utilizing high temperature and pressure, has the potential to treat agricultural waste via inactivating pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), and contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in a environmental and economical manner. Livestock mortality is one facet of agricultural waste that can pose a threat to the surrounding environment. While several methods are utilized to treat livestock mortality, there remains a paucity of data on the elimination of microbially-derived DNA in these treatment practices. This DNA, most notably ARGs, if it survives treatment can be reintroduced in agricultural environments where it could potentially be passed to pathogens, posing a risk to animal and human populations. HTC treatments have been successfully utilized for the treatment of CECs, however very little is understood on how ARGs survive HTC treatment. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the survivability of microbially-derived DNA in the HTC treatment of livestock mortality. We examined three treatment temperatures (100°C, 150°C, and 200°C) at autogenic pressures at three treatment times (30, 60, and 240 min). We examined the amplification of a plasmid-borne reporter gene carried by DH10B introduced to both beef bone and tissue. Results indicate that while all three temperatures, at all treatment times, were suitable for complete pathogen kill, only temperatures of 150°C and 200°C were sufficient for eliminating microbial DNA. These results serve as the basis for future potential HTC treatment recommendations for livestock mortality when considering the elimination of pathogens and ARGs.

关键词： High-temperature carbonization     Microbial DNA     Livestock mortality    

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美国高温气冷堆现状 Review

Andrew C. Kadak

《工程（英文）》 2016年 第2卷 第1期   页码 119-123 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.026

摘要：

2005 年，美国国会通过了《2005年能源政策法案》，该法案授权在2021年之前建造和运行一个高温气冷堆(HTGR)。在美国国内专家对未来核技术发展方向进行了多年的研究后，该法案才得以通过。作为该法案的结果，美国国会设立了名为“下一代核电站”的项目，这是一种为制氢提供工艺用热的HTGR。尽管HTGR被寄予了很高的期望，但其现状仅限于完成关于先进燃料、石墨和其他材料的研究计划，并不是如国会在2005年提出的建造一个示范电站。HTGR 发展目标降低背后有许多原因，包括：用于研究的政府资金不足，对反应堆不切实际的高温要求，对“氢”经 济需求的延迟，来自轻水冷却的小型模块反应堆的竞争，业主公司对新技术的兴趣较低，美国天然气价格过低，以及美国对非水冷反应堆许可证申请的具有挑战性的流程等。

关键词： 高温气冷堆     下一代核电站     许可证申请     (美国) 核管理委员会     《2005年能源政策法案》     研究现状    

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Dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles falling in liquid pool

Liangxing LI, Weimin MA, Huixiong LI, Tingkuan CHEN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 246-251 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0077-y

摘要： The dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles at the very beginning of their fall into coolant pools are presented. The falling course of a single droplet or a single hot particle was recorded by a high-speed camera and a curve of velocity . time was obtained. Emphasis was placed on the effects of the droplet’s size and temperature, the coolant’s temperature and properties, and the droplet’s physical properties on the moving behavior. The results for the all cases showed that the velocity of a falling droplet/particle decreased rapidly but rebounded shortly, at the beginning of droplet/particle falling in the coolant. Following such a V-shaped evolution in velocity, the droplet/particle slows down gradually to a comparatively steady velocity. An increase in either coolant temperature or droplet temperature results in a larger velocity variation in the “J-region”, but a smaller deceleration when it moves out of the “J-region”. The elevated volatility of a coolant leads to a steeper deceleration in the “J-region” and beyond. The bigger size of a particle leads to a greater velocity variation in the “J-region” and terminal velocity. A high melting point and thermal conductivity as well as lower heat capacity contribute to dramatic variation in the “J-region” and low terminal velocity.

关键词： dynamic characteristics     molten droplets     high-temperature particles     fuel and coolant interactions    

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Structure and performance of welding joint of Q235 steel welded by SHS welding

Junzhi HU, Sumei WANG, Xiaoli ZHAO, Shilin ZHU, Botao YU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第2期   页码 189-193 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0003-3

摘要： A self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) welding-pen that can weld steel workpiece from 6 to 10 mm is developed and welds the Q235 steel. The structure and properties of the welding joint are studied. The result indicates that this type of welding is melting and the fusion zone is clear. The tensile-strength of the welding joint is 283 MPa, flexural strength is 628 MPa, impact toughness is 46.43 J·cm, and the microhardness of the welding joint and fusion zone are 230 HV and 255.6€HV, respectively. The mircohardness of the fusion zone and the welding line are higher than that of the matrix.

关键词： self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) welding     welding line     structure and performance     melting    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Emerging challenges to structural integrity technology for high-temperature applications

TU Shantung

期刊论文

Continuous deacylation of amides in a high-temperature and high-pressure microreactor

期刊论文

A novel high-temperature and high-pressure hydraulic pump based on mononeuron control

Linhui ZHAO, Xin FANG

期刊论文

Influence of morphology on high-temperature rheological properties of bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene

期刊论文

Performance of a bi-layer solar steam generation system working at a high-temperature of top surface

Jinxin ZHONG, Congliang HUANG

期刊论文

Liquid-based high-temperature receiver technologies for next-generation concentrating solar power: A

期刊论文

Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong

期刊论文

高温材料量热法的新进展

Alexandra Navrotsky

期刊论文

Laboratory study on high-temperature adsorption of HCl by dry-injection of Ca(OH)

Junjun TAN,Guohua YANG,Jingqiao MAO,Huichao DAI

期刊论文

Experimental investigation and feasibility analysis of a thermophotovoltaic cogeneration system in high-temperature

Jianxiang WANG, Hong YE, Xi WU, Hujun WANG, Xiaojie XU

期刊论文

山东石岛湾200 MWe 球床模块式高温气冷堆(HTR-PM) 核电站示范工程

张作义, 董玉杰, 李富, 张征明, 王海涛, 黄晓津, 李红, 刘兵, 吴莘馨, 王宏, 刁兴中, 张海泉, 王金华

期刊论文

Hydrothermal carbonization of livestock mortality for the reduction of pathogens and microbially-derived

Thomas F. Ducey, Jessica C. Collins, Kyoung S. Ro, Bryan L. Woodbury, D. Dee Griffin

期刊论文

美国高温气冷堆现状

Andrew C. Kadak

期刊论文

Dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles falling in liquid pool

Liangxing LI, Weimin MA, Huixiong LI, Tingkuan CHEN,

期刊论文

Structure and performance of welding joint of Q235 steel welded by SHS welding

Junzhi HU, Sumei WANG, Xiaoli ZHAO, Shilin ZHU, Botao YU,

期刊论文